The Priming Of Attachment Style And The Effects On...

Attachment Style and Relationship Satisfaction: The Priming of Attachment Style and the Effects on Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Milynn C. Scheer Point Loma Nazarene University Introduction Our earliest relationships in life can be deeply formative in shaping our development. Created by John Bowlby, attachment theory relates the importance of attachment in regards to personal development. According to Bowlby, attachment is the leading factor in our ability to form and maintain relationships as adults (Levy 2012, pg. 157). As human beings, we need to feel as if we belong (Cherry, 2016). We find this belongingness in our relationships and attachments. However, we differ in our ability to form such relationships. Some people may find creating relationships with people to be a fairly simple while others find relationships to be difficult or even anxiety producing. Though we each feel a need to belong, we differ in this ability. Some people struggle in relationships and other find anything relating to relationships to be simple. These differences in how we maintain and create relationships may be due to our early life experiences. Research on attachment theory suggests that our early-life relationships may be responsible, at least in part, for these differences in adult relationships (Fraley, 2010). Data proves that these different attachment styles have different effects on how an individual deals with relationships. Previous research has dialed in on differentShow MoreRelatedRelationship Satisfaction Is An Important Part Of Romantic Relationships1295 Words   |  6 PagesRelationship satisfaction is an important part of romantic relationships. A lack of satisfaction can lead to consequences in other areas of life and eventually, the destruction of the relationship. For example, job performance is heavily influenced by romantic relationship satisfaction. In a study by Greenhaus and Beutell (1985), they argued that poor satisfaction leads to poor job performance and vice versa. They stated this was to because these two spheres are â€Å"interdependent.† Satisfaction canRead MoreThe Effects Of Personal Attachment Style On Romantic Relationship S atisfaction1718 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Personal Attachment Style on Romantic Relationship Satisfaction Our earliest relationships in life can be deeply formative in shaping our development. Created by John Bowlby, attachment theory relates the importance of attachment in regards to personal development. According to Bowlby, attachment is the leading factor in our ability to form and maintain relationships as adults (Levy 2012, pg. 157). As human beings, we need to feel as if we belong (Cherry, 2016). We find this belongingnessRead MoreFalse Confessions : Fear Of Being Alone And Social Susceptibility5526 Words   |  23 Pagesinterpersonal interaction then a contrived computer crash will be an excuse to attempt to elicit a false confession with standard interrogation tactics. Those with traits of anxiety attachment or who have been excluded may be most likely to confess. Keywords: Neglect, confessions, false confessions, attachment styles, coercion. False Confessions: Fear of Being Alone and Social Susceptibility False confessions represent a majority of the reasons for exonerations and pardons (National Registry of

Similarities Between Machiavelli And Socrates - 1534 Words

Keller Loftus Government 241: Political Philosophy Professor Ives October 13, 2017 The morality which guided Socrates were an end all, be all for him. He did not wish to live without his search for truth. Socrates would see a Machiavellian Prince as self-centered, and void of morals. A Machiavellian prince would not appreciate the way Socrates carried himself and would see him as a challenge to his authority. Socrates would not support a Machiavellian society because most likely he would not be free to philosophize as he wished to and would not approve of the methods used by the prince. The discussion that follows is of the ideals of Machiavelli and Socrates and how they differ. And in the heart of this matter is the fact that the goals of†¦show more content†¦For the prince, however, the broader goals were unity and stability in the long term. In Machiavelli’s time Italy was at a turning point between fragmentation and unity and he wanted to see the latter option succeed. Power for the prince and that power maintenance is what characterizes Machiav elli’s advice within â€Å"The Prince†. And from this advice includes that a prince should do anything and everything within his power to secure his authority for the future. Socrates as described by Plato, stands in a stark contrast to Machiavelli. While Machiavelli tried to build a model for effective rule Socrates lived in search of the truth and morality. For Socrates an ideal government would be one with ultimate truth at the center, or perhaps his notion of truth at the center. An ideal prince for Socrates would be one who thought or sought truth like Socrates did. This outgrowth of selfishness, to spend time and live among people who think and act like oneself, is natural and especially relevant to those who understand themselves to be wise. The downfall of Socrates could be likened to that of an arrogant middle school boy caught in an argument with his parents. This boy, who albeit has wit, lacks an understanding of authority and this is the underlying cause of Socrates’ trial and execution. Socrates refused to â€Å"get with the program† of ancient day Athens. Reasonably so, Socrates would want someone who would tolerate in his phil osophizing and support his search of the truth.Show MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Socrates And Machiavelli1197 Words   |  5 Pages Socrates and Machiavelli both grew up in times of political instability which formed and shaped their political beliefs. Machiavelli primarily discussed his view of how a leader should behave in the book: The Prince. A prince is an individual who is the leader of a state or group of people. Machiavelli’s version of a prince is very accurate but, Socrates would not support Machiavelli’s version of a prince. Machiavelli believed a prince must be domineering and aggressive, while Socrates viewedRead MoreSimilarities Between Socrates And Machiavelli1905 Words   |  8 PagesEssay 1 While Socrates and Machiavelli lived over 1900 years apart, the dilemmas their societies faced draw many parallels. In Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince†, he demonstrates a wide-ranging set of rules and principles to be followed by a leader to ensure the steady maintenance of authority and stability in a state or principality. Not only would Socrates be opposed to many of the espoused views in â€Å"The Prince† on what creates a successful ruler, thereby society, but had he lived in Machiavelli’s â€Å"ideal†Read MoreSimilarities Between Socrates And Machiavelli1084 Words   |  5 Pagesamong them were Socrates and Machiavelli, whose ideas regarding violence and its ideal usage to us inspired countless other prominent figures after their respective times. Socrates believed humans are imperfect and fallible, and should therefore avoid using violence. Machiavelli on the on the other hand considered violence a useful tool in achieving one’s goals . Considering both thinkers’ impacts on history, a question arises: whose concept of violence is more corrupting, Socrates’ or Machiavelli’sRead MoreSimilarities Between Machiavelli And Socrates1250 Words   |  5 PagesMachiavelli and Socrates are two of the most influential figures in modern day political philosophy. These two individuals established the bases for our interpretation of the world and human political interaction. While they were separated by centuries and a significant geographic distance, it is fascinating nonetheless to ponder what they would think of each other. Sadly it is impossible to ask themselves and so we must instead turn to their writings in order to glean an idea of what their opinionsRead MoreSimilarities Between Socrates And Machiavelli1649 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates and Machiavelli both existed during times of political unrest. Both men sought different means of political leadership, and could be seen as activists of their t imes. During times of war and unrest, it was a bold choice that both men made to stand up for their beliefs and speak out against the system. However, Socrates wouldn’t have agreed with Machiavelli’s means and concepts of the Prince and his ideas for how a political establishment should function. Machiavelli’s means may have beenRead MoreSimilarities Between Machiavelli And Socrates1544 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli and Socrates agree on very little. While an initial reading of the two may elicit some comparisons, the goals of their respective philosophies rely on different foundations, and would therefore culminate in very different political results for society. Socrates would likely see in the Prince a selfish ruler, while Machiavelli would see in Socrates a dangerous idealist whose ideas would lead to instability and the death of the state in which these ideas were implemented. Machiavelli’sRead MoreSimilarities Between Socrates And Machiavelli1803 Words   |  8 PagesMachiavelli and Socrates were beings of their time. The world around them shaped their views, and their views have in turn shaped ours. While both lived through turbulent times, they do not share the same ideology. Socrates would dislike Machiavelli’s description of the ideal princ e, regardless of how the prince actually ruled. Socrates would oppose both how the prince got to power and keeps it, as well as the society over which he rules. Socrates assigned certain responsibilities to both the rulerRead MoreSimilarities Of Socrates And Machiavelli1669 Words   |  7 PagesBoth Socrates and Machiavelli emerged as renowned thinkers of their time because of their approaches to government that moved away from idealism and towards a rational and real approach. To understand why Socrates would be critical of Machiavelli’s concept of a Prince we must understand the similarities and differences between the two philosophers, and then analyze if Socrates would find his ruling system to be efficient. Socrates and Machiavelli value the qualities of a strong and fair ruler, howeverRead MoreMachiavelli And Socrates1579 Words   |  7 PagesMachiavelli and Socrates Niccolo Machiavelli and Socrates both lived during turbulent, political times. Machiavelli in Florence, Italy and Socrates in Athens. Machiavelli’s The Prince outlines the necessary features and traits of a sovereign, primarily, a Prince. It served as a handbook to effective rulership in the 16th century. By analyzing Machiavelli’s belief that a prince should be strategically feared, the role of free will , and the role of the people , I will argue that Machiavelli hasRead MoreThe Ideas Of Machiavelli And Socrates1988 Words   |  8 PagesThe ideas of Machiavelli and Socrates have influenced the leadership styles and approaches of leaders around the world. From Stalin to the founding fathers of the United States, Machiavellian influenced motives and ideals can be seen throughout modern history. Socrates is often referred to as the founder of Western philosophy, and his teachings have been passed on to leaders over the centuries. This paper will state both the Machiavel li’s concept of a ‘Prince’, and present Socrates’ perspective on

Hiding Behind A Computer (1345 words) Essay Example For Students

Hiding Behind A Computer (1345 words) Essay Hiding behind a ComputerAre computers and the Internet redefining human identity as people explore the boundaries of their personalities, adopt multiple selves, and form online relationships that can be more intense than real ones? Is the World Wide Web redefining our sense of community and where we find our peers? The answer is simple. An individual should not use a false identity to produce a life on the Internet. They should also avoid using an online life to influence their identity in real life. Gender swapping is one way which the Internet has the ability to change ones identity. There have been many cases where someone has logged onto the Internet, and they have presented their identity as the opposite sex from what they really are. There is no way of knowing what sex someone is when he or she is logged in. The net is made up of hundreds of thousands of separate communities, each with its own special character. It is difficult to eliminate a certain sex from a specific community when people have the power to disguise themselves. Communication in cyberspace lets people explore their personalities by creating new on-line personae. This seems to be the main concern for frequent Internet users. A significant observation is the amount of men that will log on as women. Jodi Obrien put it best when she states, Many men say that a common motivation for logging on as a female is because they are fascinated by the unusual amount of attention they receive from other men when they are perceived as women (http://www.echonyc.com/~women/Issue17/art-obrien.html). The one major concern that comes to mind is cyber-rape. It is apparent what kind of effect this has on people when Amy Bruckman, a doctoral student in the MIT Media Laboratory, states, Unwanted attention and sexual advances create an uncomfortable atmosphere for women in MUDs, just as they do in real life (Bruckman, 101). A MUD is defined as a multi-user dungeon or a multi-user Domain. It is a text-based multi-user virtual-reality environment. This is one of many virtual communities which users can enter. When a person first logs onto a MUD, he or she creates a characters name and gender, and writes a description of what the character looks like. It is possible for a character to be male or female, regardless of the gender of the player (100). For instance, several players have observed that MUDs complaints of harassment are routinely dismissed with the logic that this is a fantasy space so anything goes. This displays how easy it is to perform cyber-rape on an individual. An interes ting point is made by Jodi OBrien in her article when she says, Although the prevalence of gender switching online is not readily knowable, it is the case that gender policing is considerable. The tactic agreement seems to be that crossing is acceptable-after all, this is a space in which one is supposed to experiment-but the motives for crossing must not involve an intent to deceive. Women who cross as men in order to avoid harassment or dismissal are just being reasonable (http://www.echonyc.com/~women/ Issue17/art-obrien.html). In another argument, one could say an individual provokes the cause of sexual harassment on the Internet. Our romantic energy is carried by standard electronic impulses across wires we will never see. With fantasy aside, just how elastic is the institution of gender? How likely is it that cyberspace will be a site for complicating the customary gender dichotomy? How likely is it that we can interact without differentiating characteristics to provide a guid e for whom to be and how to act? What is reality where ones emotions, future plans, and recipes for interaction are concerned? Much of the current hype about cyberspace implies that the body is a barrier to experiencing a wider range of interactions. .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3 , .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3 .postImageUrl , .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3 , .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3:hover , .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3:visited , .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3:active { border:0!important; } .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3:active , .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3 .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u94d2fc8a81eafaadc9ec7c811bfdc6d3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Physician-assisted Suicide Essay ThesisGender is one of the first means by which persons introduce and represent themselves to others in electronic communications. For instance, one of the most frequently asked questions on bulletin board systems is are you male or female? Individuals who evade this question are not considered to be creative mavericks; they are assumed to be hiding something. If someone persists in maintaining a gender-neutral position, others online will inquire of one another about what the persons gender really is and why he/she is reluctant to reveal it. The failure to reveal gender is viewed with suspicion. These questions underscore rather than erase the significance of gender. Additionally, on almost any system, the Systems Operator requires a real name, address, and phone number. For many chat lines, where presumably individuals intend to cruise for friends and possible romance, users are required to specify sex and sexual orientation. These designations, which appear as biographical information available to other users, can not be changed without going through the Systems Operator. There are also reports that for some spaces the Systems Operator attempts to verify aspects of user-identity, particularly gender, by making unannounced phone calls to the persons home and/or checking credit card information. I do not have enough information to verify the veracity of these claims, but it does seem reasonable to conclude that gender, conventional binary gender, is being transported into online interactions as a significant, perhaps the significant, feature of identity. There is not a lot of support on the existence of conversation of reality being used on the Internet. Amy Bruckman uses this statement for support, However, in some communities such as those based on the Dragonriders of Pern, series of books by Anne McCaffrey, talking about real life is taboo (101). The Internet is abused quite a bit. People will use the net to meet acquaintances, friends, and even significant others. With the various forms of sexuality in the world, it explains the various chat rooms and virtual cities that can be found on the net. It is unexplained why one doesnt obtain their true identity if what they are really interested in could be benefited from the truth. In an article by Paul Judge, a sociologist mentions, She believes computers provide people with the means to explore the boundaries of self by shifting from one persona to another, even when they jump from writing a memo in one window to joining an online chat in another: Different roles are required for eac h task (Judge, 99). She also states people interact through personae they have created, and they navigate through virtual cities. I suppose there are other reasons to support the usefulness of the Internet. The certain functions dont always relate to psychological matter. People do use it in a reasonable fashion, yet they should try to avoid the hiding of their identity. The identity crisis could come to and end with proper identification of oneself on the Internet. Anonymity policy, admissions requirements, and advertising strategy all contribute to a virtual communitys character. Without such methods of distinguishing one online hangout from another, all would tend to sink the least common denominator of discourse-the equivalent of every restaurant in a town degenerating into a dive (http://www.techreview.com/articles/jan96/Bruckman.html). There needs to be better techniques with helping members of communities develop shared expectations about the nature of the community, and to communicate those expectations to potential new members. For many Internet users, the desirability of erasing gender as a form for organizing interaction is based on the premise that gender is a hierarchical form of differentiation. This will make it easier for people to find the community that suits them. With the result of a true identity, random users will be influenced by their interested findings on the net, and they will not have to rely on their online life to provide them with a false persona. Lets divide the online life and the real life into two. The life we live on the Internet can stay with the Internet, and the life we live while away from the computer can remain in the real world.

Integrating Technology Into an Elementary Classroom an Example of the Topic School by

Integrating Technology Into an Elementary Classroom by Expert Prolific writer | 21 Dec 2016 Technology in the past was mostly used in industrial fields but today it has infiltrated almost all aspects of life for example schools, churches, hospitals, business name it. Technology is good because it makes work easier; it enhances performance and output, encourages independence as well as increase accuracy. (Goodman, 2002). This is in reference to the general application of various technologies in the different institutions aforementioned. However, what are the differences felt in elementary school today as a result of use of technology? What was it like in the past? This paper sets out to answer these questions in details and with particular focus to pre-k to forth grade of elementary school. Need essay sample on "Integrating Technology Into an Elementary Classroom" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Introduction. Arguably, technology has become a very important part of our daily life in school. The constant improvement to information technology and computers has meant that schools can nowadays purchase them and use them to educate children in a sharply contracting manner than was use in years gone by. Previously, before the advent of computer technology in schools, the educators used hard copy books, dusty chalkboards and other teaching learning resources and materials that were quite cumbersome and hectic to use. A typical classroom in the past was characterized by bored and disinterested students who could not wait for the bell to go and leave the class. The elementary teachers also had a hard time sustaining the attention of the pupils or eliciting their interest in exploring the learning materials at their disposal so as to generate their own knowledge. (Provenzo, Brett s attention fro an invariably longer time. Another thing about use of computer technology in elementary classroom is that is exposes the children early to technology hence increases their confidence. Notably, the society is becoming more and more dependant on technology and this means that the subsequent generations must be fast oriented to technology as early as elementary. The use of technology ingrains in the elementary school pupils an aspect of informed attitude to embracing technology and its positive influence on society today. Today, play activities that are technology facilitated enhance the abilities. Previous, children could only use building blocks or play outside in order to enhance these skills. During the winter days when the weather was not conducive, then their motor skills were delayed. However, these days with advanced technology, the elementary children can enjoy year round activities which develop their capabilities. Perhaps one great advantage about technology in elementary classroom is that it can be integrated with the elementary school teaching curriculum thus it ensures that learning is reinforced as well as increase explorative mind. This is a good thing especially in this world today where innovation and creativity is highly valued, and where in future, it will be an indispensable asset. Technology at elementary is today used to teach writing and alphabets, shapes, and sizes, history and science, as well as basic calculations. Previously, before the rise of technology, the teachers used to experience difficulty in ensuring uniformity in students performance. Some children with mild learning disabilities and/or difficulties were left behind in class. However, these days thanks to technology teachers are able to reach the mildly challenged students and assist them in learning just ass much as the others. For example the fast forward computer software helps children with phonematic problems to learn their phonic in a faster and less strenuous way. In these traditional days, dyslexic children and those with other learning difficulties faced great challenges in learning the basics and took a lot of time in kindergarten trying to master the alphabets and words. Educators can now appreciate technology for improved performance in the students. Use of technology increases the morale and curiosity to learn. It is not difficult to feel the energy and positive attitudes towards learning as a result of computer technology in the classroom. (Lee attitudes towards a positive direction. (Marshall & Katz, 2003) Elementary school learners need a motivating factor to encourage the will to learn. Melone Christen in her article the internet in the classroom a valuable tool and resource for ESL/EFL teachers notes that: Students do feel comfortable and are very receptive to any learning activities that involve the computer. Increased motivation leads to increased language use which leads to improved proficiency. In this case, unlike previous years where learning was viewed as a task/work, todays schools that in use computers to aid learning note significant change in attitudes towards learning although technology merely provided a different avenue to learning. John Kosakowski, a writer in Eric Digest group holds that, students who use computers aided programs feel more confident of themselves and their capabilities to grasp abstract n technical concepts. Technology plays a major role in enhancing communication and literacy among children in elementary school. The application of technology in elementary schools and especially computer technology in todays classrooms is widespread (internets, research, email) ((Jerner, 2006). The computers have enhance effectiveness in reading, writing, spelling as well as listening skills in children, which in turn connotes enhanced communication among elementary school children. Borrowing from psychology knowledge in the constructivist model children learn by making meaningful connections from what they see in their environment which in turn triggers exploration and thus higher literacy among elementary school children. (Quinones & Kirshstein, 2000). Computer technology enhances coordination of children five senses i.e. visual, audio and touch. This is an added advantage as compared to the traditional elementary schools where coordination of more of a slow concept to acquire Technology in the future is going to transform learning as an active endeavor where the elementary school children have a more active than passive role in acquiring knowledge and the teachers role as a facilitator of learning. Currently, elementary schools children can enjoy an array of choices on obtain, generate and influence information and presentation. Generally technology in elementary classroom allows for changes in both teachers and learners roles. Elementary classrooms that use technologies are usually in a position to enhance peer coaching winch is essential in building teamwork. This is so because as children interact with technology they are able to help each other. The fast learners help the weaker ones which is a plus in contributing to the learning atmosphere. Generally, the collaborative and cooperative tone in the classroom environment is evident in the way groups look over their shoulders. (Diane Publishing Company, 1995). Exchange ideas and comment regarding each others work and interacting in in-depth discussions about their works. Once this culture has been ingrained in the students then it precedes to subsequent years thus changing the learning environment to be favorable. (Schofield, 1995, Wenner, 1993) No doubt that technology makes difficult tasks accomplishable. This is because its designed to do so. This is the case with computer technology in the elementary classroom, and in the subjects of maths and science. Most adults in the traditional schools can attest that learning some concepts like pision and multiplication was a nightmare. These days technology has come up with software that are user friendly and that simplify abstracts and present it too learners in a very interesting way. This means that elementary learners are able to deal with higher order skills given the support provided by technology. Additionally, technical skills are nurtures at the elementary school level which is an added advantage for example hyper studio software, drafting programs word processor. (O'Neil & Perez, 2003) Conclusion Technology in the elementary classrooms has become a very important feature in transforming the way the attitudes towards learning and teaching approaches. Although some educators may be reluctant to embrace technology at elementary school level for fear of distorting the content and the curriculum soon technology will be an indispensable tool to teaching and learning owing to industrialization. The future is looking to a situation whereby there will be minimal role of the teacher in the learning process as the technology evolves to be more user-friendly, interactive and capable of handling numerous tasks such that self learning will be a reality. References Diane Publishing Company (1995). Teachers & Technology: Making the Connection. Darby, PA: DIANE Publishing. Goodman, P. S. (2002). Technology Enhanced Learning: Opportunities for Change. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Book. Jerner, M. D. (2006). Elementary Science Methods: A Constructivist Approach New York: Thomson Wadsworth. Lee, C. A. & Houseal, A. (2003). Self-Efficacy, Standards and Benchmarks as Factors in Teaching Elementary School Science. Journal of Elementary Science Education. 15 (1). Gale Group. Marshall, G. & Katz Y. J. (2003). Learning in School, Home and Community: ICT for Early and Elementary education. New York: Springer Meloni, Christine, The Internet in the Classroom: A Valuable Tool and Resource for ESL/EFL Teachers, ESL Magazine Online, 6-27-02 O'Neil H. F. & Perez R. S. (2003). Technology Applications in Education: A Learning View. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Quinones, S. & Kirshstein, R. (2000). An Educator's Guide to Evaluating the Use of Technology in Schools & Classrooms. Darby, PA: DIANE Publishing. Provenzo, E. F., Brett, A. & McCloskey G. N. (2005). Computers, Curriculum, and Cultural Change: An Introduction for Teachers. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Schofield J.W. (1995). Computers and Classroom Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wenner, G. (1993). Relationships between science knowledge levels and beliefs towards science instruction held by preservice elementary teachers. Journal of Science Education and Technology. 2,461-468.